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ACROAMATA LATINA
Hic praebentur acroamata (vulgo: podcasts) varia quae in rete inveniri possunt. Certe opiniones hic expressae externae sunt Ephemeridi.
DAVID AMSTER
Carmina Catulli recitata
VIRGIL Aeneid Book 1, 34-49: Vix ē cōnspectū Siculae tellūris in altum vēla dabant; Latin & English
Aeneas and his men are setting sail, already close to Italy, for which Juno is outraged. Athena, in contrast, has been very effective in punishing the Greeks for the offense of only one man. Translation: D. Amster, Fez, 6/27/24 #vergil #aeneid #latinpoetry #latinpronunciation Vix: hardly ē: out of cōnspectū: sight, view Siculae: of the Sicilian tellūris: land, region in + acc: into, towards altum: the deep (sea) vēla: their sails dabant: they (Aeneas & his men) were giving, were offering laetī: happy, cheerful, full of joy spūmās: the froth(s), foam salis: of the salt, “salt sea” aere: with bronze; the prows of their ships were covered with bronze ruēbant: they were plowing, throwing up cum: when servāns: keeping, cherishing aeternum: the eternal, enduring, endless vulnus: wound sub: in, deep in pectore: her mind, breast, heart haec: these things sēcum: with herself (dixit): she said, a verb of speaking or thinking is understood Mēne: Me?! The accusative (mene) and infinitive (desistere, posse) in a question without a main verb to show disbelief and indignation -ne = a question victam: beaten, defeated dēsistere: ceasing, desisting from inceptō: from what has been undertaken, from my purpose, from what I started nec: nor, and not posse: being able āvertere: to turn away rēgem: the king, ref. to Aeneas. Teucrōrum: of the descendants of Teucer (1st king of Troy), of the Trojans Ītaliā: from Italy Quippe: obviously, for indeed, surely; said ironically vetor: I am being prevented, prohibited, opposed Fātīs: by the Fates Pallas-ne: Pallas? Pallas Athena, Minerva; nom. sing. potuit: was able, could, had the power exūrere: to set on fire, to consume with fire, burn up classem: the fleet Argīvum = Argivorum: of the Argives, of the Greeks atque: and, and also summergere: to plunge beneath, submerge, sink ipsōs: (the men) themselves pontō: in the sea ob: on account of, because of noxam: the offense, outrage, violence furiās: violent passions, madness ūnius: of one man Aiācis Oīlei: (of) Ajax son of Oileus. After Troy had been defeated, he entered the temple of Athena, where Cassandra (daughter of King Priam) had taken refuge, embracing the statue of the goddess; he allegedly dragged her away and raped her. Ipsa: she herself (Pallas Athena) iaculāta: having hurled, thrown; she hurled rapidum: the swift, violent, fierce ignem: fire, lightning Iovis: of Jove, of Jupiter ē: from nūbibus: the clouds disiēcit-que: and scattered, dispersed “-que …. -que” shows a stronger connection than just “et”. ratēs: the boats, ships ēvertit-que: and (she) turned upside down, agitated aequora: the seas, the surface of the sea ventīs: with the winds illum: him, that man (Ajax); direct object of “corripuit”; very emphatic at the start of the line. exspīrantem: exhaling, breathing out flammās: flames trānsfīxō: from his pierced, pierced through pectore: chest turbine: with/in a whirlwind corripuit: (she) snatched (him) up, seized īnfīxit: thrust (him), fixed him on, fastened acūtō: on/to a sharp scopulō(-que): a high cliff or rock, a projecting point of rock Ast = at: but ego: I; very emphatic and in constrast with “ipsa” above. quae: who incēdō: stride, walk with dignity and pomp, strut; said sarcastically? rēgīna: as queen dīvum = divorum: of the gods Iovis(que): of Jove/Jupiter et: both soror: sister et: and coniūnx: wife, consort cum: with ūnā: one, a single gente: race, nation, people; referring to the Trojans. tot: for so many annōs: years; refers to the 10-year war at Troy, and now for 7 more as the Trojans wander. gerō: I wage, I am waging, I have been waging bella: wars, battles quisquam: (does/will) anyone; introducing a rhetorical question adōrat: worship, adore, call upon, pray to nūmen: the divine power, majesty, divinity, authority Iūnōnis: of Juno praetereā: hereafter, henceforth aut: or supplex: a suppliant, as a suppliant impōnet: will place upon ārīs: (my) altars honōrem: a sacrifice, honor, an honorary gift PRONUNCIATION: with apostrophe before stressed syllable for words with 3 syllables or more. vix ē cō(n)’spectū ‘siculae teL’Lūris in altu(m) vēla dabant laet(ī) et spūmās salis aere ru’ēbant, cu(m) iūn(ō), ae’teRnu(m) seRvā(n)s sub ‘pectore vulnus, haec sēcu(m): ‘mēn(e) in’ceptō dē’sistere victa(m), nec poSS(e) Ī’taliā teu’cRōr(um) ā’veRtere rēge(m)? quiPPe vetoR fātīs. paL’Lasn(e) ex’ūrere claSSe(m) aR’gīv(um) atqu(e) ipsōs ‘potuit suM’MeRgere pontō, ‘ūnius ob nox(am) et ‘furiās ā’iācis ö’īlei? ipsa, iovis ‘Rapidu(m) iacu’lāt(a) ē ‘nūbibus iñgne(m), disiē’citque ratēs ēveR’titqu(e) ‘aequora ventīs, iLL(um) exspī’rante(m) tRā(n)s’fīxō ‘pectore flaMMās ‘tuRbine coR’Ripuit scopu’lōqu(e) ī(n)’fīxit a’cūtō. ast ego, quae dīv(um) in’cēdō rē’gīna, io’visque et soror et coniūnx, ūnā cuNG gente tot aNNōs beLLa ger(ō)! et quisquaN nūmen iū’nōnis a’dōrat pRae’tere(ā) aut suPPlex ārīs im’pōnet ho’nōre(m)?
256 views • Jun 27, 2024
HORACE ODE 4.7: Diffūgēre nivēs, redeunt iam grāmina campīs; Latin & English
Horace’s Ode 4.7, praised by A. E. Housman as "the most beautiful poem in Latin literature", continues his “carpe diem” theme. He reminds his friend Torquatus of how ephemeral everything is; he should use his resources now to benefit himself and those dear to him. #horace #latinpoetry #latinpronunciation nivēs: the snows diffūgēre = diffugerunt: have fled, scattered iam: now, already grāmina: the grass(es), plants; neut. pl redeunt: are coming back, returning campīs: to the fields, plains comae: the hair, foliage, leaves arboribus: to the trees terra: the earth, Earth mūtat: is changing, changes, alters vicēs: its (her) changes, stages, seasons, alternate successions flūmina: the rivers dēcrescentia: decreasing, diminishing, becoming less full praetereunt: go by, flow by (don’t overflow) rīpās: (their) banks Grātia: the Grace, the three Graces are the goddesses of beauty, grace, and charm, Aglaia, Euphrosune, and Thalia. nymphīs: her nymphs, demi-goddesses that inhabit rivers, woods, mountains geminīs: twin; referring to the other two graces sorōribus: sisters audet: dares dūcere: to lead chorōs: dances, dances in a ring, choral dances nūda: nude, naked; she is naked because of the warm weather annus: the year, the changing cycle of the year hōra: the hour quae: which rapit: abducts, snatches, drags away, carries off almum: the nourishing, giving nourishment diem: (the) day, daylight; the hours steal away the daylight and the days monet: warns, reminds nē: that….not, not to spērēs: that you should not hope for, expect; the “you” Horace is addressing can be the reader, or his friend Torquatus, addressed later in the poem inmortālia = immortalia: things (to be) immortal, immortal things, undying Frīgora: the cold times, cold mītēscunt: become mild, are softened Zephyrīs: by the gentle west winds, western breezes aestās: summer prōterit: treads under foot, tramples down, crushes vēr: spring (aestas) interitūra: (itself, summer) going to disappear, about to die simul: as soon as, when pōmifer: fruit-bearing, fruit-bringing effūderit: will have poured out, sent out frūgēs: its fruits, produce mox: soon brūma = brevissima (the shortest day) = the winter solstice = winter, winter cold recurrit: runs back, hastens back, returns iners: inactive, sluggish, indolent, lifeless tamen: nevertheless, however, still celerēs: the swift lūnae: moons, the moon’s monthly cycles reparant: recover, renew, restore caelestia: their/the celestial, heavenly damna: losses, injuries, refers to the waning of the moon nōs: we, as for us, in contrast to “lunae” ubi: when dēcidimus: we fall down, have fallen down, sink down quō: where, to where Aenēās: Trojan son of Venus and Anchises dīves: the wealthy, rich Tullus: Tullus Hostilius, 3rd king of Rome, famous for his wealth Ancus: Ancus Martius, 4th king of Rome pulvis: dust umbra: shadow, a shade, a ghost of a dead person Quis: who? scit: knows an: whether dī = dei: the gods superī: above, of the upper world, as opposed to Hades adiciant: may add, will/might add, increase summae: to the sum, total hodiernae: of today, today’s tempora: times crāstina: of tomorrow Cūncta: all things, everything quae: which dederīs: you have given; probably perfect subjunctive. animō: to a soul, heart amīcō: friendly, dear, loving, of a friend; sometimes interpreted as “to your own dear soul” fugient: will escape avidās: the greedy, eager manūs: hands hērēdis: of (your) heir Cum: when semel: once occiderīs: you (will) have gone down, perished, died, passed away; Certainly an allusion to Catullus 5: “nobis cum semel occidit brevis lux, nox est perpetua una dormienda.” dē: concerning Mīnōs: king of Crete; after death a judge in the underworld fēcerit: will have made splendida: noble, illustrious; splendid arbitria: judgements, decisions nōn: very emph. repeated 3 times. Torquāte: Manlius Torquatus, orator and noble friend of Horace genus: family, noble birth fācundia: eloquence restituet: will restore, revive pietās: dutiful conduct, devotion to the gods, family and country, piety enim: for, even, indeed neque: neither Dīāna: goddess of light, the moon, and the hunt līberat: frees, sets free, liberates, does she free īnfernīs: from the infernal, of Hades tenebrīs: darkness, the darkness of death pudīcum: chaste, virtuous, pure Hippolytum: Hippolytus, son of Theseus, chase and devoted to Diana. His stepmother Phaedra fell in love with him, which led his eventual death Thēseūs: king of Athens, descended into Hades to help Pirithous carry away Proserpina valet: does T. have the strength, is able abrumpere: to sever, tear asunder Lēthaea: the Lethean, of Lethe, river of forgetfulness in Hades vincula: chains, shackles cārō: from (his) dear, beloved Pīrithoō: (from) Pirithous, king of the Lapiths and best friend of Theseus, chained in Hades for trying to carry off Proserpina, wife of Pluto
294 views • Jun 12, 2024
CATULLUS Poem 80: Quid dīcam, Gellī, quārē rosea ista labella; Latin & English
Catullus’ Carmen 80 is addressed to his “frenemy” Gellius of poem 74. The poem is written in a very lofty lyrical style, while dealing with with a not-so-lofty, “locker-room” subject. #catullus #latinpoetry #latinpronunciation Quid: why? for what reason? dīcam: shall I say? should I say?; subjunctive Gellī: Gellius; probably L. Gellius Poplicola, the fellow from poem 74, who had an affair with his father’s wife, was accused of plotting his father’s murder, and was at least flirting with with Clodia/Lesbia, Catullus’ beloved. quārē: why, on account of what, for what reason? ista: those…of yours (often expressing contempt) rosea: rosy, rose-colored, ruddy; probably suggests that G. is not very old. labella: little lips; diminutive of “labrum”, lip fīant: become; subjunctive in indirect question candidiōra: whiter hībernā: (than) wintry, winter (as adj), of winter; ablative of comparison nive: snow; abl. of comparison māne: in the morning cum: when exīs: you leave, go out domō: from your house, from home octāva: the 8th hōra: hour; a “day”, the time when the sun is shining, was divided into 12 hours. In the summer the 8th hour was approx. 1:15 PM. suscitat: wakes, awakens, wakes up ē: from, out of mollī: soft, gentle, pleasant; “mollis” has a connotation of effeminate, which Catullus may be hinting at. quiēte: rest, repose, sleep longō: long diē: day; “when the day is long”, i.e., the summertime; ablative absolute or abl of time when Nescio quid: something, “something, I’m not sure what” certē: certainly est: is, is going on an: or perhaps? introducing a question fāma: rumor, talk, that which people say; nom sing fem. susurrat: whispers, murmurs vērē: truly tē: that you; acc in indirect statement vorāre: swallow whole, eat greedily, devour; infinitive in indirect speech tenta: the extended, distended grandia: large parts, big, full-grown mediī: of the middle, of the middle part virī: of a man Sīc: thus, this much, in this way certē: certainly est: is (true), is the case rupta: the burst, ruptured īlia: groin, the abdomen below the ribs; Catullus used the same image in Carmen 11, referring to Clodia’s treatment of her lovers: “nullum amans vere, sed identidem omnium ilia rumpens” misellī: of poor little; diminutive of miser. Victōris: Victor; we don’t know who this refers to. clāmant: shout out, cry out; Ilia and labra are the subjects. labra: lips, your lips. Cf. labella in line 1. notāta: marked ēmulsō: with/by “milked out”, having been milked out serō: whey, the watery part of curdled milk. Note the emphatic position as the last word of the poem. REPETITION of Sound, Word Order: Note the 3 verbs of spleaking: say, whisper, shout; dīcam, susurrat, clāmant Striking repetition of L-sounds: Gellī, labella, mollī, longō, misellī, īlia, ēmulsō, labra V-sounds: vērē, vorāre virī, Victōris Nescio quid “certē est”, Sīc “certē est” Interlocking ABAB word order: “OCTAVA longō HORA diē” “GRANDIA mediī TENTA virī” “VICTORIS rupta MISELLI īlia” ABBA word order: “EMULSO labra notāta SERO”
372 views • May 9, 2024
VIRGIL Aeneid Book 1, 23-33: Id metuēns, veterisque memor Sāturnia bellī, Latin & English
In lines 23-33 of Aeneid Book 1 we learn more about the reasons for Juno’s hatred of the Trojans. #latinpoetry #latinpronunciation #aeneid metuēns: fearing, afraid of id: this; what was mentioned in the previous line, that the Trojan race would overthrow and destroy Carthage. -que: and memor: mindful, remembering veteris: of the old, former, earlier bellī: war; the Trojan War Sāturnia: the Saturnian one, the daughter of Saturn, Juno; subject of “arcebat”, found EIGHT lines later! quod: which, ref. to “belli” prīma: first, as leader, foremost; ref. to Juno, who had played a leading role in the war against the Trojans. ad: at Trōiam: Troy gesserat: had waged prō: on behalf of cārīs: beloved, dear Argīs = Argivis: Argives, Greeks; Juno’s most famous temple was at Argos. necdum: and not yet etiam: still, even now; also, as well causae: the causes, reasons; recalls “Mūsa, mihī causās memorā” from line 8. īrārum: of her feelings of anger; cf. “Tantaene animīs caelestibus īrae” from line 11. saevī: the raging, fierce, savage, relentless, wrathful dolōrēs: pains, feelings of resentment, anguish exciderant: had (not) departed, fallen from animō: her mind, heart; cf. “animis” in line 11. manet: it (iudicium Paridis, etc) remains repostum = repositum: stored up, kept, preserved altā: the deep mente: mind, heart, soul; abl of place; in the deep part of her mind, deep in her heart iūdicium: the judgement Paridis: of Paris, Trojan prince and son of Priam, asked by Juno, Minerva, and Venus to judge who was the most beautiful. He decided in favor of Venus. iniūria: the insult, wrong, injustice sprētae: of her scorned fōrmae: beauty invīsum: the hated genus: race. She hated the Trojans, whose founder was the son of her husband Jupiter by another woman. honōrēs: the honors. Note the repetition of sound at the end of the lines: dolores…honores. raptī: of snatched up, carried off, abducted Ganymēdis: of Ganymede. A Trojan prince, “the loveliest born of the race of mortals”, snatched up by Jupiter in the form of an eagle and made his cupbearer, instead of Juno's own daughter, Hebe. accēnsa: enraged, incensed, set aflame hīs: by these things, because of these things super: in addition, too, also; in addition to her fears regarding Carthage. arcēbat: she was hindering, keeping at a distance, keeping away Trōas: the Trojans rēliquiās: the remnant, the ones remaining, the ones left; i.e. those not killed by the Greeks. Danaum = Danaorum: of the Greeks atque: and also immītis: of merciless, fierce, cruel, ruthless Achillī: Achilles iactātōs: tossed about, scattered; Cf. line 3: “multum ille et terrīs iactātus et altō vī superum” tōtō: (on) the entire, whole aequore: sea; ablative of place longē: far away from; an echo of “longe” in line 13: “Ītaliam contrā Tiberīnaque longē ōstia” Latiō: (from) Latium. Latium is the region in Italy where Rome was to be founded. per: through, for, during multōs: many annōs: years errābant: they (the Trojans) wandered, were wandering āctī: driven, compelled Fātīs: by the Fates, the godesses of fate; Cf. “fato profugus” in line 2. circum: around omnia: all maria: the seas erat: it was tantae: of such, such a great, so great mōlis: (of) such/so great a task, an effort, difficulty; genitive of quality or description condere: to found, to establish; cf "dum conderet urbem” in line 5 Rōmānam: the Roman gentem: race, nation, people
320 views • Apr 28, 2024
VIRGIL Aeneid Book 1, 8-22: Musa, mihi causas memora
Virgil’s Aeneid Book 1, 8-22 continues the introduction to his epic masterpiece about the hero Aeneas and the founding of Rome. #vergil #aeneid #latinpoetry #latinpronunciation Notes: Mūsa: Muse; there were nine Muses; here it’s Calliope, the patron goddess of heroic poetry Compare the beginning of the Odyssey and the Iliad: “Tell me, O Muse, of the man of many devices, who wandered full many ways after he had sacked the sacred citadel of Troy.” “Sing the wrath, Goddess, of Peleus' son, Achilles, that destructive wrath which brought countless woes upon the Achaeans.” memorā: remind, recount, relate, tell mihī: to me causās: the causes, the reasons quō: what nūmine: divine will, command; divinity, deity, god laesō: having been offended, violated, wounded; “because of what aspect of her divinity having been offended” -ve: or dolēns: being displeased, angry, feeling indignation quid: at what rēgīna: the queen, Juno deum = deorum; of the gods; This gen. pl ending is very common in poetry. impulerit: forced, compelled, drove, pushed; perfect subjunctive, indirect question. virum: a man īnsīgnem: renowned, distinguished, remarkable pietāte: for his loyalty and devotion to his family, the gods, and country volvere: to live through, experience, endure, suffer tot: so many cāsūs: hardships, misfortunes, dangers, perils adīre: to encounter, undergo tot: so many labōrēs: hardships, difficulties, dangers, misfortunes -ne: introduces a question (sunt): are, are there; understood tantae: such great, so great īrae: feelings of anger, wrath, rage, hatred, resentment animīs: in the minds; dative of possession caelestibus: celestial, heavenly, divine, of the gods fuit: there was, it was antīqua: (an) ancient; Carthage was actually founded by the Phoenicians in the 9th century BC, about 300 years after the Trojan war! urbs: city Tyriī: Tyrian, Phoenician, of Tyre; Tyre is a city in Lebanon. colōnī: settlers, colonists tenuēre = tenuerunt; held, inhabited, ruled Karthāgō: Carthage contrā: in front of, across from, opposite; in opposition to Ītaliam: Italy. Note the juxtaposition of Karthago and Italiam. -que: and ōstia: the shores; acc. after “contra”. Tiberīna: of the Tiber longē: at a distance, far, far off; an adverb. Note how “ostia” being on the next line and the lack of “elision” (longe…ostia) emphasizes the distance. dīves: rich opum: in resources, power, lit. “of resources” -que: and asperrima: very (most) fierce, cruel, formidable studiīs: in its pursuits, zeal, desires, endeavors bellī: of war quam: which ūnam: alone magis: more omnibus: than all; ablative of comparison terrīs: lands, countries Iūnō: Juno fertur: is said, is reported coluisse: to have cared for, cherished, loved Samō: Samos, an island near Ephesus in Asia Minor, a center of the worship of Juno, her birthplace and site of a very famous temple. Ablative absolute. posthabitā: having been placed after, having been esteemed less; “Even Samos having been put in second place” hīc: here; probably Carthage (sunt/fuerunt): are/were illius: “Iunonis”, her, Juno’s arma: armor, weapons hīc: here fuit: was currus: (her) chariot; refers to relics preserved in her temple hoc: for/that this (city, refering to Carthage); acc subject of infinitive; neuter because of proximity to “regnum”. Note repetition of hic, hic, hoc. esse: to be, be; infinitive with tendit and fovet rēgnum: the ruling power, the royal authority gentibus; over nations sī: if quā (viā): in any way Fāta: the fates, the godesses that determine the will of the gods. Note that the Fates are more powerful than Juno. sinant: would allow it; subjunctive. iam: already tum: then dea: the goddess tendit: endeavors, designs, intends; present used instead of the past, for vividness. -que….. que: and; the repetition is a feature of epic poetry. fovet: cherishes, hopes, longs for, desires; present referring to the past sed enim: but indeed audierat = audiverat: she had heard prōgeniem: (that) a race, lineage; acc subject of infinitive in indirect statement. dūcī: was being derived, was springing from, was descended; passive infinitive. ā: from Trōiānō: Trojan sanguine: blood quae: which, ref. to progeniem olim: one day verteret: would overturn; imperfect subjunctive. Tyriās: the Tyrian (Carthaginian) arcēs: citadels, strongholds, fortresses, palaces hinc: (that) from here (the race from Trojan blood) populum: a people; acc subject of infinitive rēgem: ruling, the noun being used as a participle, regentem lātē: widely, far and wide -que: and superbum: proud, arrogant, fierce, mighty bellō: in war ventūrum (esse): was going to come; future infinitive excidiō: for the destruction, ruin, overthrow; dative of purpose Libyae: for/of Libya, (especially Carthage); dative object of excidio. sīc: thus Parcās: the Parcae, the Fates volvere: were ordaining, decreeing
362 views • Apr 14, 2024
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